Trying to conceive with the help of In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) can be an exciting and hopeful experience—but it also comes with emotional ups and downs, physical demands, and medication side effects that can vary from person to person.

If you’re considering IVF, it’s important to understand the potential side effects at every stage—from ovulation-stimulating medications to egg retrieval and embryo transfer—so you can feel informed, prepared, and more in control of your fertility journey.

What Is IVF & How Does It Work?

In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology used to help individuals or couples conceive when pregnancy hasn’t occurred naturally. IVF involves fertilizing an egg with sperm outside the body and then implanting the resulting embryo into the uterus.

The IVF Process Step by Step

1. Fertility Medications to Stimulate Ovulation
The first step involves taking fertility medications to help the ovaries produce mature eggs. In some cases, these medications need to be taken for several months to induce ovulation.

2. Egg Retrieval Procedure
Once enough mature eggs have developed, your doctor will perform a minor surgical procedure known as egg retrieval. During this procedure, the eggs are collected from the ovaries through the vagina.

3. Fertilization & Embryo Transfer
After the eggs are retrieved, they are fertilized with sperm in a lab. A few days later, the fertilized egg (embryo) is transferred into the uterus through a process called insemination.

Medication Side Effects During IVF

A number of medications are used during IVF, including Lupron, Progesterone, and Estrace. While effective, they may cause side effects. Below is a breakdown of common side effects associated with each.

Is IVF Painful?

Many people wonder: Is IVF painful? According to Pinnacle Fertility, while some discomfort is expected, pain levels vary by stage. Most patients report that the egg retrieval is the most uncomfortable part of the process.

IVF Medications and Their Side Effects

Lupron Side Effects
Lupron is used to suppress the body’s reproductive hormone system during IVF. It lowers estrogen levels and blocks the production of luteinizing hormone (which triggers ovulation). Common side effects include:

  • Constipation

  • Nausea

  • Headaches

  • Sleep disturbances

Progesterone Side Effects
Progesterone helps prepare the uterine lining for pregnancy by thickening it to support embryo implantation. Side effects may include:

  • Unusual vaginal bleeding or discharge

  • Swelling in the feet or ankles

  • Mood or mental status changes

Although these symptoms can be uncomfortable, IVF is often the most viable option for individuals or couples facing infertility or pregnancy loss.

Estrace Side Effects
Estrace is a form of estrogen that helps maintain the endometrial lining for embryo implantation. Possible side effects include:

  • Vomiting and bloating

  • Stomach cramps and weight gain

  • Breast pain

  • Vaginal itching or discharge

The specific medications used during IVF may vary depending on the type of artificial insemination being performed and the individual’s fertility needs.

General IVF Medication Side Effects

Across the board, IVF drugs may cause:

  • Hot flashes

  • Breast tenderness

  • Headaches

  • Blurred vision

  • Ovarian cysts

  • Pelvic discomfort

Every woman experiences IVF differently. It’s also important to know that IVF can increase the chances of a multiple pregnancy due to the implantation of more than one embryo.

IVF & Baby Health

Are There Side Effects of IVF on the Baby?
While some research suggests that babies conceived via IVF may have a slightly lower birth weight, there are generally no significant long-term health risks associated with IVF.

IVF vs. IUI Success Rates

IVF has a reported success rate of nearly 40% for women under age 35, compared to about 20% for Intrauterine Insemination (IUI). Your fertility specialist can help you determine which option is right for your specific situation.

To learn more about your options and speak with a fertility specialist, schedule a consultation with Pinnacle Fertility today. We’re here to support you every step of the way.